Design of a Membrane Filtration-Based Clean Water Treatment System for the Kahayan River Basin

Abstract

The Kahayan River is a major raw water source for Palangka Raya City that has experienced declining quality due to domestic and agricultural activities. This study aims to design a membrane filtration-based clean water treatment system suitable for the characteristics of the Kahayan River and the needs of the community in Pahandut Seberang. The research method includes a literature review, field survey, and secondary data analysis to determine a design discharge of 10 L/s, with treatment stages consisting of preliminary screening, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and multi-stage membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis). The design results show that the system is able to improve the physical, chemical, and biological quality of Kahayan River water to meet clean water standards based on the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. Based on the financial study, the estimated unit water production cost is IDR 2,200/m³ for a 5-year horizon, IDR 1,650/m³ for a 10-year horizon, and IDR 1,300/m³ for a 20-year horizon. These results indicate that the multi-stage membrane filtration system provides good technical efficiency and remains economically competitive compared to conventional systems, and can serve as a reference for sustainable clean water development in the Kahayan River Basin.