Plagiarism Screening Policy

Submitted manuscripts may be screened for textual similarity before review, during editorial assessment, or when a concern is raised. Similarity results are interpreted by an editor; a percentage alone does not establish plagiarism.

The journal evaluates unattributed copying, inappropriate paraphrasing, duplicate or redundant publication, recycled text, manipulated citations, and unauthorized reuse of tables, figures, data, or ideas. Legitimate quotations, methods language, references, and unavoidable technical phrasing are considered in context.

When a concern is identified, the editor may request an explanation or correction, reject the manuscript, contact relevant parties, or take post-publication action according to the seriousness and available evidence. Authors remain responsible for originality, accurate citation, and permissions regardless of any screening result.